CPS1. A standard that measures impact on frequency error.
Last Updated: June 20, 2025
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CPS1 is a:
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CPS1 captures these relationships using statistical measures to determine each BA’s contribution to such “noise” relative to what is deemed permissible. The CPS1 equation can be simplified as follows:
\[\text{CPS1} (\text{in percent}) = 100 * \left[ 2 – (\text{Constant}) * (\text{frequency error}) * (\text{ACE}) \right]\]The size of this constant changes over time for BAs with variable bias, but the effect can be ignored when considering minute-to-minute operation. It is equal to -10 * B / ε1^2
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Frequency-related compliance factor (CF)
\[CF = \frac{CF_{\text{12-month}}}{\epsilon1^2}\]Where $\epsilon1$ is a constant derived from a targeted frequency bound for each Interconnection:
A clock-minute average is the average of the reporting Balancing Authority’s valid measured variable (i.e., for Reporting ACE (RACE) and for Frequency Error) for each sampling cycle during a given clock-minute.
Clock-Minute Average of Reporting ACE (RACE)
\[{\frac{RACE}{-10B}}_{\text{clock-minute}} = \frac{\frac{\sum RACE_{\text{sampling cycles in clock-minute}}}{n_\text{sampling cycles in clock-minute}}}{-10B}\]Clock-Minute Average of Frequency Error ($ \Delta F_{\text{clock-minute}} $)
\[\Delta F_{\text{clock-minute}} = \frac{\sum \Delta F_{\text{sampling cycles in clock-minute}}}{n_\text{sampling cycles in clock-minute}}\]Balancing Authority’s Clock-Minute Compliance Factor ($ CF_{\text{clock-minute}} $)
\[CF_{\text{clock-minute}}= \left[ \left( \frac{RACE}{-10B} \right)_{\text{clock-minut}e} * \Delta F_{\text{clock-minute}} \right]\]Normally, 60 clock-minute averages of the reporting Balancing Authority’s Reporting ACE and Frequency Error will be used to compute the hourly average compliance factor
Hourly Average Compliance Factor ($ CF_{\text{clock-hour}} $)
\[CF_{\text{clock-hour}}=\frac{\sum CF_{\text{clock-minute}}}{n_\text{clock-minute samples in hour}}\]The reporting Balancing Authority shall be able to recalculate and store each of the respective clock-hour averages ($CF_{\text{clock-hour average-month}}$) and the data samples for each 24-hour period (one for each clock-hour; i.e., hour ending (HE) 0100, HE 0200, …, HE 2400).
Monthly Compliance Factor ($CF_{\text{month}}$)
\[CF_{\text{clock-hour average-month}} = \frac{\sum_{\text{days-in-month}} \left[ \left( CF_\text{clock-hour} \right) \left( n_\text{one-minute samples in clock-hour} \right) \right] }{ \sum_{\text{days-in-month}} \left[n_{\text{one-minute samples in clock-hour}} \right]}\] \[CF_{\text{month}} = \frac{\sum_{\text{hours-in-day}} \left[ \left( CF_\text{clock-hour average-month} \right) \left( n_\text{one-minute samples in clock-hour-averages} \right) \right] }{ \sum_{\text{hours-in-day}} \left[n_{\text{one-minute samples in clock-hour averages}} \right]}\]12-Month Compliance Factor ($CF_{12-month}$)
\[CF_{\text{12-month}} = \frac{\sum_{i=1}^{12} (CF_{\text{month-i}}) (n_\text{one-minute samples in month-i})}{\sum_{i=1}^{12} (n_\text{one-minute samples in month-i}) }\]To ensure that the average Reporting ACE and Frequency Error calculated for any one-minute interval is representative of that time interval, it is necessary that at least 50 percent of both the Reporting ACE and Frequency Error sample data during the one-minute interval is valid. If the recording of Reporting ACE or Frequency Error is interrupted such that less than 50 percent of the one-minute sample period data is available or valid, then that one-minute interval is excluded from the CPS1 calculation.